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Background and Aim: Despite progresses in technology and improved caring of hemodialysis patients, their mortality rate is still high. Some of the related factors are: cardio vascular diseases, diabetes, malignancy and etc. But many causes of renal failure are preventable. This study was done to determine demographic feature and risk factors of ESRD in hemodialysis patients in Valiasr hospital.   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 50 hemodialysis patients in Valiasr hospital were selected by census method. Instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed by some faculty members in Birjand University of medical sciences. Data was analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics with SPSS.   Results: Majority of patients were male (68%), married, (64%) with mean age 47.07±16.7 years and 32% were in 57-66 years old group. 88 percent of patients were dialyesed 4 hours in each session and 62% had three sessions in week. The mean BMI of patients were 21.04±8.85. The most frequent of dialysis duration was about 5-14 months (38%). The mean weight before dialysis 58.2±12.35 kg and after dialysis was 56.2±l2.22 kg. Most of the patients (32%) before dialysis were farmers and in dwelling in village and (48%) were illiterate or low literate. In most of the patients (36%) the primary cause for dialysis was hypertension.   Conclusion: Since demographic factors show low literacy and poor knowledge and also beginning ESRD in lower ages, it is necessary to consider the principles of prevention and regular visits and record for clients until their risk of ESRD diagnose in time. It is recommended to increase the knowledge of community members.

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