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Background and Aim Children use computer in different ways. Studies show children in 2-7 years old averagely use computer 2-3 hours daily. Uncontrolled use of computer has negative effects on physical, social and mental development of children with various damages. This study was conducted to evaluate computer dependence and its consequences in school age children in Birjand. Materials and Methods This descriptive-analytic study was done in school children in Birjand with two­stage cluster sampling .To collect the data (children- parents' dependence on computer) questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was completed by inviting mothers. The scores in this 20 item scale ranged between 20 and 50.20-29 showed low, 30-39 moderate, and 49-50 severe dependence on computer. To analyze the data SPSS software, descriptive statistics methods, and X2 test were used. Results The subjects were 1000 children with mean age of 8.84±1.13.67.7% were male. .The most time of computer use (in 68% of the children) was between 12-18 PM. The most usage in 42% of children was computer games with most favorite to action games in 52% of cases the length of computer use in 82.5% of the subjects was less than 3 hours. 39% spent meal hours playing games and 2.5% of them always neglected their daily duties and home work. The rate of dependence on computer in 1.3% was severe, in 25.5% moderate, and 73% was mild. The mean score of dependence in boys was higher than in girls (P<0.05). Conclusion Recognizing negative and positive aspects of computer use will help us to utilize the technology without being caught in its trap. By enhancing the knowledge of children and parents we can help them use computer in promoting the child's growth and evolution, e.g. using creative games instead of destructive ones.

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