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Ethics code: IR.SUMS.REC.1398.574
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Bagheri S, Zarshenas L, Rakhshan M, Sharif F, Moghimi Sarani E, Hadian Shirazi Z et al . Cross-cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Caregiver Well-Being Scale Among Family Caregivers of People with Schizophrenia. , Mod Care J. 2026; 23 (4)
URL: http://mcj.bums.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.html
URL: http://mcj.bums.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.html
Shahpar Bagheri1 
, Ladan Zarshenas *2 , Mahnaz Rakhshan3 , Farkhondeh Sharif4 , Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani5 , Zahra Hadian Shirazi1 , Rozhan Ghobadimoghaddam6
, Ladan Zarshenas *2 , Mahnaz Rakhshan3 , Farkhondeh Sharif4 , Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani5 , Zahra Hadian Shirazi1 , Rozhan Ghobadimoghaddam6
1- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,zarshenas@sums.acir
3- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran & Royal Ottawa Mental Health Center, Ottawa, Canada
5- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
6- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
2- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,
3- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran & Royal Ottawa Mental Health Center, Ottawa, Canada
5- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
6- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract: (4 Views)
Introduction: Caregiving demands may affect the well-being of family caregivers of people with schizophrenia, including their ability to maintain daily activities and meet basic needs.
Objectives: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) CWBS into Persian and preliminarily assess its content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia.
Methods: This methodological study was conducted at three psychiatric centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The 14-item CWBS was translated and culturally adapted through forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. Thirty family caregivers participated in cognitive pretesting and 144 in the psychometric testing. Content validity was assessed by 15 mental health experts using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave), and modified kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item–total correlations, and test–retest reliability over 14 days using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: Several semantic and cultural adaptations were made while preserving the original meaning. CVR values ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, and all items met the minimum criterion. I-CVI and modified kappa coefficients were 1.00 for all items, while both S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 1.00. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.922 for ADL, 0.877 for BN, and 0.898 for the total scale. All corrected item–total correlations exceeded 0.30. ICCs were 0.794 (95% CI: 0.725–0.847) for ADL, 0.815 (95% CI: 0.751–0.863) for BN, and 0.872 (95% CI: 0.827–0.906) for the total scale.
Conclusions: The Persian 14-item CWBS showed satisfactory content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Further studies with larger, more diverse samples are needed to assess construct validity and factor structure.
Objectives: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) CWBS into Persian and preliminarily assess its content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia.
Methods: This methodological study was conducted at three psychiatric centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The 14-item CWBS was translated and culturally adapted through forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. Thirty family caregivers participated in cognitive pretesting and 144 in the psychometric testing. Content validity was assessed by 15 mental health experts using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave), and modified kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item–total correlations, and test–retest reliability over 14 days using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results: Several semantic and cultural adaptations were made while preserving the original meaning. CVR values ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, and all items met the minimum criterion. I-CVI and modified kappa coefficients were 1.00 for all items, while both S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 1.00. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.922 for ADL, 0.877 for BN, and 0.898 for the total scale. All corrected item–total correlations exceeded 0.30. ICCs were 0.794 (95% CI: 0.725–0.847) for ADL, 0.815 (95% CI: 0.751–0.863) for BN, and 0.872 (95% CI: 0.827–0.906) for the total scale.
Conclusions: The Persian 14-item CWBS showed satisfactory content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Further studies with larger, more diverse samples are needed to assess construct validity and factor structure.
Article Types: Research Article |
Subject:
Chronic Diseases Care
Received: 2026/07/26 | Accepted: 2026/10/11 | Published: 2026/10/18
Received: 2026/07/26 | Accepted: 2026/10/11 | Published: 2026/10/18
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