fa تأثیر آموزش خوش‌بینی بر اضطراب و افسردگی دانشجویان روان‌شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بیرجند (سال 1391) General پژوهشي Research Article Background and AimAnxiety and depression are among serious problems in humans' lives which are almost observable among all ages and genders. Optimism is considered as a proper solution to decreasing them both. This paper studied the effects of teaching optimism on university students' anxiety and depression.   Materials and MethodsThis study was a semi-empirical one with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group. All bachelor and master students of psychology at Birjand Azad University were voluntarily given Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck’s Depression Test. 46 students who had both an anxiety score of above 15 and a depression score of above 18 simultaneously were selected and randomly allocated to 2 experiment and control groups with 23 students in each. Both groups were given positive-negative psychology test. The experiment group received seven 80-minute-long sessions of positive-psychology-training program by the researcher twice a week. The control group received no training. Both groups were later given the post-test. The instrument included Beck’s Anxiety and Depression as well as Seligman’s Optimism-Pessimism. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17, independent t-test, and paired t at α=0.05.   ResultsAfter teaching optimism, results indicate, the experiment groups’ anxiety scores average decreased from 23/74±10/70 to 11/48±6/51 and that of their depression, from 26/70±12/33 to 8/78±6/61 which is statistically significant (p optimism training,Anxiety,Depressive,Students 34 42 http://mcj.bums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-451&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Toktam-Sadat JafarTabatabaee تکتم سادات جعفر طباطبایی 10031947532846004069 10031947532846004069 Yes PhD student of educational psychology atthe Science and Research Branch of Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email: toktamtabatabaee@yahoo.com دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران. تهران، ایران. تلفن: 05614342173 پست الکترونیک: toktamtabatabaee@yahoo.com Hasan Ahadi حسن احدی 10031947532846004070 10031947532846004070 No Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران.تهران،ایران. Ahmad Khamesian احمد خامسان 10031947532846004071 10031947532846004071 No Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Birjand University, Iran دانشیار، گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه بیرجند. بیرجند، ایران.