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Background and AimAnxiety and depression are among serious problems in humans' lives which are almost observable among all ages and genders. Optimism is considered as a proper solution to decreasing them both. This paper studied the effects of teaching optimism on university students' anxiety and depression.   Materials and MethodsThis study was a semi-empirical one with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group. All bachelor and master students of psychology at Birjand Azad University were voluntarily given Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck’s Depression Test. 46 students who had both an anxiety score of above 15 and a depression score of above 18 simultaneously were selected and randomly allocated to 2 experiment and control groups with 23 students in each. Both groups were given positive-negative psychology test. The experiment group received seven 80-minute-long sessions of positive-psychology-training program by the researcher twice a week. The control group received no training. Both groups were later given the post-test. The instrument included Beck’s Anxiety and Depression as well as Seligman’s Optimism-Pessimism. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17, independent t-test, and paired t at α=0.05.   ResultsAfter teaching optimism, results indicate, the experiment groups’ anxiety scores average decreased from 23/74±10/70 to 11/48±6/51 and that of their depression, from 26/70±12/33 to 8/78±6/61 which is statistically significant (p

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